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Objective:To investigate the changes of cardiac morphology and function in obese patients after bariatric surgery.Methods:The clinical data of 100 patients who underwent bariatric surgery, including gastric sleeve resection and gastric bypass in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021 were selected for retrospective analysis, including 67 females and 33 males, aged from 18 to 65 years, with average of (36.7±9.5) years. The software of SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct data analysis. Univariate and Logistic regression analysis was performed on the indicators of patients before bariatric surgery and 1 year after surgery, and ROC curves were drawn to determine the changes of cardiac morphology and cardiac function after bariatric surgery.Results:Compared with preoperative, one year after bariatric surgery, patients′ body weight [(112.2±30.2) kg vs(80.7±23) kg, P<0.001] and body mass indes [(38.77±8.26) kg/m 2vs (27.98±6.54) kg/m 2, P<0.001] were significantly decreased, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, blood uric acid, and resting heart rate were also significantly decreased ( P<0.05), cardiac ejection fraction was significantly improved [(65.5±5.9)% vs (67.9±4.7)%, P<0.001], ventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall, left atrial diameter, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic diameter were significantly reduced ( P<0.05), while the inner diameter of the ascending aorta was not significantly changed [(3.14±0.39) cm vs (3.09±0.38) cm, P=0.125]. In addition, there were no significant differences in cardiac morphology between gastric bypass and gastric sleeve resection. Logistic regression analysis showed that pre-bariatric BMI value, postoperative BMI reduction value, whether suffering from hypertension, and whether the inner diameter of the ascending aorta was widened were the important influencing factors for the improvement of ejection fraction after bariatric surgery ( P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve for predicting the improvement of ejection fraction was 0.772 (95% CI: 0.669-0.875), the specificity was 85%, the sensitivity was 66%, and the best cut-off point was 0.545. Conclusions:One year after bariatric surgery in obese patients, cardiac ejection fraction was significantly improved, and ventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall, left atrial diameter, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic diameter were significantly reduced compared with those before surgery. There was no significant difference between gastric sleeve resection and gastric bypass in the improvement of cardiac function and the effect on cardiac morphology. The combined prediction model composed of preoperative body mass index value, decreased body mass index value at 1 year after operation, whether suffering from hypertension, whether the inner diameter of the ascending aorta is widened and other indicators has a good predictive value for the improvement of ejection fraction in bariatric patients at 1 year after operation.
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Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of bariatric and metabolic surgery on bone metabolism in obese patients.Methods:Search terms for the present meta-analysis included "bariatric surgery, metabolic surgery, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, bone metabolic indicators, bone mineral density", both in English and corresponding Chinese. PubMed, WOS, Cochrane, CNKI, and VIP databases were searched for longitudinal studies from the establishment of the database to September 20, 2022. The data on bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery were extracted. RevMan5.4 and Stata17.0 software were used for Meta-analysis.Results:A total of 8 clinical studies with 420 patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the preoperative baseline, lumbar spine bone mineral density ( WMD=0.05, 95% CI: -0.00~0.1), femoral neck bone mineral density( WMD=0.10, 95% CI: 0.05-0.15), hip bone mineral density( WMD=0.14, 95% CI: 0.10-0.17), and serum vitamin D 3 ( WMD=-4.87, 95% CI: -6.34--3.40)were decreased, while parathyroid hormone ( WMD=10.04, 95% CI: 5.32-14.76) was elevated after surgery. Conclusions:Current evidence demonstrates that metabolic and bariatric surgery can lead to decreased bone mineral density and impairs in bone metabolic markers early after surgery. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery cause more adverse effects on bone metabolism than sleeve gastrectomy. The results imply that all patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery should be monitored for bone metabolism and routinely take vitamin D and calcium supplements.
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In the digital transformation of Chinese pharmaceutical industry, how to efficiently govern and analyze industrial data and excavate the valuable information contained therein to guide the production of drug products has always been a research hotspot and application difficulty. Generally, the Chinese pharmaceutical technique is relatively extensive, and the consistency of drug quality needs to be improved. To address this problem, we proposed an optimization method combining advanced calculation tools(e.g., Bayesian network, convolutional neural network, and Pareto multi-objective optimization algorithm) with lean six sigma tools(e.g., Shewhart control chart and process performance index) to dig deeply into historical industrial data and guide the continuous improvement of pharmaceutical processes. Further, we employed this strategy to optimize the manufacturing process of sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. After optimization, we preliminarily obtained the possible interval combination of critical parameters to ensure the P_(pk) values of the critical quality properties including moisture, fineness, crude polysaccharide, and total triterpenes of the sporoderm-removal G. lucidum spore powder to be no less than 1.33. The results indicate that the proposed strategy has an industrial application value.
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Bayes Theorem , Data Mining , Drug Industry , Powders , Reishi , Spores, FungalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#Ganoderma lucidum spore (GLS) is gaining recognition as a medicinal part of G. lucidum and has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, such as antitumor activity. In this work, wall-broken GLS powder (BGLSP) and wall-removed GLS powder (RGLSP), two kinds of GLS powder with different manufacturing techniques, were compared in terms of contents of active constituents and in vivo and in vitro antitumor effects.@*METHODS@#The ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry method was used to determine the contents of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in BGLSP and RGLSP. Seventeen individual triterpenoids were further quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker. The antitumor effects of BGLSP and RGLSP were evaluated using in vitro cell viability assay against human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901, lung carcinoma A549 and lymphoma Ramos and further validated by in vivo zebrafish xenograft models with transplanted SGC-7901, A549 and Ramos.@*RESULTS@#The results showed that the contents of polysaccharides, total triterpenoids and individual triterpenoids of RGLSP were significantly higher than those of BGLSP. Although both BGLSP and RGLSP inhibited the three tumor cell lines in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, the inhibitory effects of RGLSP were much better than those of BGLSP. In the in vivo zebrafish assay, RGLSP exhibited more potent inhibitory activities against tumors transplanted into the zebrafish compared with BGLSP, and the inhibition rates of RGLSP reached approximately 78%, 31% and 83% on SGC-7901, A549 and Ramos, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The results indicated that the antitumor effects of GLS were positively correlated with the contents of the polysaccharides and triterpenoids and demonstrated that the wall-removing manufacturing technique could significantly improve the levels of active constituents, and thereby enhance the antitumor activity.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the significance of various abnormal signal patterns appreared in CML and B-ALL patients by using BCR/ABL/ASS1 tricolor dual-fusion probe, and to explore its application value in detecting BCR/ABL fusion gene and ASS1 gene deletion.@*METHODS@#50 newly diagnosed CML patients and 50 newly diagnosed B-ALL patients were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with BCR/ABL/ASS1 tricolor dual-fusion probe. Meanwhile, karyotype analysis was performed on all the patients using the 24 hours short-term culture and R-banding.@*RESULTS@#Among the 50 CML patients, Ph was found in 49 cases, 5 normal interphase karyotype was observed in 1 case. FISH detection showed that BCR/ABL fusion gene existed in all patients (100%), while the positive signal pathway showed that 1R1G2B2F was observed in 39 cases (78%), 2R1G2B1F in 2 cases (4%) and 1R1G2B1F in 6 cases (12%), simultaneous existence of 1R1G1B1F and 1R1G2B3F in 1 case (2%), 2R1G1B1F in 1 case (2%) 1R1G3B3F in 1 case (2%). FISH detection also showed that the karyotype of 6 case at ASS1 gene deletion (1R1G1B1F) all were simple t (9; 22) translocation, and other abnormalities not were observed. Among 50 cases of B-ALL, Ph was found in 13 cases, the numerical aberration and structural aberration of non t (9; 22) in 16 cases, normal karyotype in 20 cases, absence of mitotic phase in 1 case. FISH detection showed that 16 cases (32%) had BCR/ABL fusion gene including 13 cases (26%) of 1R1G2B2F, 1 case (2%) of stimultaneous exitance of 1R1G2B2F and 1R1G3B3F 1 case (2%) of 2R1G1B1F, 1 case (2%) of 1R1G3B2F. FISH detection also showed that 3 cases had BCR/ABL fusion gene, including 1 case with ASS1 gene deletion (2R1G1B1F), 1 case with classical t (9; 22) translocation (1R1G2B2F) and 1 case with BCR/ABL fusion gene and increase of ASS1 gene copy (1R1G3B3F).@*CONCLUSION@#Tricolor dual-fusion FISH probe for detecting BCR/ABL fusion gene and ASS1 gene deletion is simple, rapid, sensitive and stable. It can detect various forms of molecular fusion and avoid the false positive results due to coincidental overlap of signals generated by D-FISH probe and ES-FISH probe. In addition, this detection method not only can directly observe the presence or absence of ASS1 gene deletion, but also improve the reliability of the positive results of newly diagnosed BCR/ABL fusion gene and accuracy of monitoring results of minimal residual disease for the subsequent visit.
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Humans , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl , Genetics , Gene Deletion , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Genetics , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To detect the expression levels of FAM19A5 in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and to determine the relationship between FAM19A5 and the prognosis of MCL patients.@*METHODS@#Twenty-five MCL patients were choosen in the study, cytometric bead assay was used to detected the concentration of FAM19A5 in serum and immunohistochemical analysis were used to detect the expression levels of FAM19A5 in lymph nodes. The relationship of the FAM19A5 expression in serum and tissue were analyzed, the relationship of FAM19A5 and clinical characteristics of MCL patients, treatment and prognosis of MCL patients was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The average serum concentration of FAM19A5 in MCL patients was 90.55±38.24 (ng/ml), which was significantly higher than that in control (P=0.0461). The proportion of high, medium, and low expression of FAM19A5 in lymph nodes was 32%, 36% and 32%, respectively, which showed significant difference from that in control group (P=0.001). The expression of FAM19A5 in serum and lymph nodes showed significant correlation (r=0.8683，P=0.001). The serum concentration of FAM19A5 showed positive correlation with the proportion of Ki67 (P=0.0222, r=0.4554). The mean survival time without relapse/death of MCL patients with high, middle and low expression of FAM19A5 was 17, 27 and 37.5 months, respectively，which showed significant statistical difference (P=0.0360). ROC curve analysis showed that serum concentration of FAM19A5 could predict the therapeutic effect in MCL patients, the cut-off value was 91.49 ng/ml. The proportion of recurrent/death in AML patients with FAM19A5 ＞91.49 ng/ml was significantly higher than that in patients with FAM19A5＜91.49 ng/ml (P=0.0156).@*CONCLUSION@#The expression level of FAM19A5 is increased in MCL patient, and patients with high expression of FAM19A5 are more likely to relapse or die. FAM19A5 may be a new prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for MCL.
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Adult , Humans , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Prognosis , Treatment Outcome , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effects of different depths of anesthesia on CD4 + T cell function in the patients undergoing radical resection for malignant tumor. Methods:Forty-two American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ patients, aged 36-64 yr, weighing 49-95 kg, undergoing elective radical surgery for malignant tumor, were divided into 2 groups ( n=21 each) using a random number table method: light anesthesia group (L group) and deep anesthesia group (D group). The AAI values were maintained at 30-40 and 20-29 during operation in L group and D group, respectively.The time to eye opening, extubation time and consumption of propofol were recorded.The peripheral venous blood samples were collected immediately before induction of anesthesia (T 0), at 2 h of operation (T 1) and at 4, 24, and 72 h after operation (T 2-4) for determination of serum interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin-4 (IL-4) concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was calculated. Results:Compared with the baseline value at T 0, the serum IFN-γ concentrations were significantly increased at T 3, 4, the serum IL-4 concentrations were decreased at T 1-4, and IFN-γ /IL-4 ratio was increased in group D ( P<0.05). Compared with group L, the serum IFN-γ concentrations were significantly increased at T 3, 4, the serum IL-4 concentrations were decreased at T 1-4, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was increased, the consumption of propofol was increased, and the extubation time was prolonged in group D ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the time to eye opening between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Deep anesthesia can improve CD4 + T cell function in the patients undergoing radical resection for malignant tumor.
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@#Background and objective: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) was first reported in Malaysia in March 2020. We describe here the clinical characteristics and computed tomography (CT) patterns in asymptomatic young patients who had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study where 25 male in-patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz. Demographics, clinical data and CT images of these patients were reviewed by 2 senior radiologists. Results: In total there were 25 patients (all males; mean age [±SD], 21.64±2.40 years; range, 18-27 years). Patients with abnormal chest CT showed a relatively low normal absolute lymphocytes count (median: 2.2 x 109/L) and absolute monocyte count (median: 0.5 x 109/L). Lactate dehydrogenase was elevated in 5 (20%) of the patients. The procalcitonin level was normal while elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, platelet and C-reactive protein were common. Baseline chest CT showed abnormalities in 6 patients. The distribution of the lesions were; upper lobe 3 (12%) lower lobe 3 (12%) with peripheral distribution 4 (16%). Of the 25 patients included, 4 (16%) had ground glass opacification (GGO), 1 (4%) had a small peripheral subpleural nodule, and 1 (4%) had a dense solitary granuloma. Four patients had typical CT features of COVID-19. Conclusion: We found that the CT imaging showed peripheral GGO in our patients. They remained clinically stable with no deterioration of their respiratory symptoms suggesting stability in lung involvement. We postulate that rapid changes in CT imaging may not be present in young, asymptomatic, non-smoking COVID-19 patients. Thus the use of CT thorax for early diagnosis may be reserved for patients in the older age groups, and not in younger patients.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV) in middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods From October 2015 to October 2016,250 middle-aged and elderly patients with idiopathic BPPV in Quhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province were selected in the research.According to whether the patients relapsed,the patients were divided into recurrence group(120 cases) and non-recurrent group(130 cases).And 100 healthy subjects who were examined in our hospital during the same period were selected as the healthy control group (control group).The serum 25-OHD levels and bone mineral density (BMD) were compared.The DHI scores of the three groups were scored and compared.Then,the correlation between 25-OHD,osteoporosis and DHI score and BPPV was analyzed.Results The levels of serum 25-OHD in the control group,non-relapse group and recurrence group were (35.12 ± 3.95) μg/L,(21.62 ±4.32)μg/L and (16.25 ± 3.86)μg/L,respectively,there were statistically significant differences among the three groups (F =4.567,P ＜ 0.05).The BMD in thecontrol group,non-relapsed group and recurrence group were (0.97 ±0.61),(-1.24 ±0.19),(-2.62 ±0.37),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (F =6.478,P ＜ 0.05).The DHI scores in the control group,non-relapsed group and relapsed group were (4.62 ± 3.15) points,(35.26 ± 12.54) points,(53.28 ± 11.68) points,respectively,there were statistically significant differences among the three groups (F =6.231,P ＜ 0.05).Regression analysis showed that the severity of BPPV in middle-aged and elderly patients was negatively correlated with 25-OHD level (r =-0.367,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The level of 25-OHD is negatively correlated with the severity of BPPV in middle-aged and elderly patients.
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Testing and analysis of chemical markers is currently the prevailing approach for quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicines. However,several important issues remain to be addressed,including the trade-off between accuracy and coverage. In this study,in order to give full play to the advantages of their respective methods and provide technical support for more comprehensively and rapidly evaluate the quality of Danshen Injection products,a fingerprint method was coupled with quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker( QAMS),with Danshen Injection as the carrier. Ultra performance liquid chromatography( UPLC) was used to establish the quantitative fingerprint. The UPLC fingerprints contained 13 common peaks,11 of which were identified by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry( UPLC-QTOF-MS). Furthermore,with sodium danshensu as the internal reference substance,relative correction factors( RCFs) of protocatechuic aldehyde,caffeic acid,rosmarinic acid,lithospermic acid,and salvianolic acid B were calculated through slope analysis method,and the QAMS method was adopted to determine the contents of these 6 components. The UPLC fingerprint was employed to assess the consistency of 12 batches of Danshen Injection,which showed good batch-to-batch consistency with similarity higher than 0. 99. In the comparison of contents of the six constituents obtained by QAMS and external standard method( ESM),RSD was all less than 4. 3%,indicating the good accuracy of the QAMS method. The QAMS method developed in this study combined with UPLC fingerprint can comprehensively reflect the internal quality of Danshen Injection when only the reference substance sodium danshensu is consumed,with greatly reduced detection cost and time. It provides a technical basis for further improving the quality standard of Danshen Injection.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Reference Standards , Injections , Mass Spectrometry , Quality Control , Salvia miltiorrhiza , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV) in middle-aged and elderly patients.@*Methods@#From October 2015 to October 2016, 250 middle-aged and elderly patients with idiopathic BPPV in Quhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province were selected in the research.According to whether the patients relapsed, the patients were divided into recurrence group(120 cases) and non-recurrent group(130 cases). And 100 healthy subjects who were examined in our hospital during the same period were selected as the healthy control group(control group). The serum 25-OHD levels and bone mineral density(BMD) were compared.The DHI scores of the three groups were scored and compared.Then, the correlation between 25-OHD, osteoporosis and DHI score and BPPV was analyzed.@*Results@#The levels of serum 25-OHD in the control group, non-relapse group and recurrence group were (35.12±3.95)μg/L, (21.62±4.32)μg/L and (16.25±3.86)μg/L, respectively, there were statistically significant differences among the three groups (F=4.567, P<0.05). The BMD in thecontrol group, non-relapsed group and recurrence group were (0.97±0.61), (-1.24±0.19), (-2.62±0.37), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=6.478, P<0.05). The DHI scores in the control group, non-relapsed group and relapsed group were (4.62±3.15)points, (35.26±12.54)points, (53.28±11.68)points, respectively, there were statistically significant differences among the three groups (F=6.231, P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the severity of BPPV in middle-aged and elderly patients was negatively correlated with 25-OHD level(r=-0.367, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The level of 25-OHD is negatively correlated with the severity of BPPV in middle-aged and elderly patients.
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Objective The human glioblastoma (GBM) U87 cell line is employed as a model for studying the heterogeneity of GBM. This study was to examine the phenotypic profiles and genetic backgrounds of different monoclonal cells derived from the human GBM U87 cell line and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic difference. Methods Using the finite dilution method labeled with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-hydroxy succinimidyl ester (CFSE), we constructed the monoclonal cell lines CF5 and G11 with typical morphological characteristics derived from the human GBM U87 cell line and identified them by short tandem repeat (STR). We detected the proliferation of the cells by CCK8 assay, EdU incorporation and colony-formation assay, their self-renewal capability by tumor sphere formation assay, their adhesion ability by immunofluorescence and CCK8 adhesion assay, their invasion ability with a 3D culture model, and their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents by Annexin V/PI double-staining flow cytometry. We performed transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis on the genetic profiles and determined the mRNA expressions of the representative differential genes in the enriched pathway by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Results The CF5 and G11 monoclonal cell lines morphologically typical of U87 were successfully constructed, the former small, short and thick, while the latter big, long and thin. Compared with the U87 and G11 cell lines, the CF5 cells showed a significantly higher proliferation ability (P < 0.01), though higher in the U87 than in the G11 cell line, a higher proportion of EdU-positive cells (0.35 ± 0.03 and 0.44 ± 0.03 vs 0.54 ± 0.05, P < 0.01), though higher in the U87 than in the G11 cell line, and a higher tumor-sphere formation ability (P < 0.01), though higher in the U87 than in the G11 cell line. In comparison with the U87 and CF5 cell lines, the G11 cells exhibited remarkably higher abilities of adhesion (P < 0.01) and invasion (P < 0.05), though both higher in the U87 than in the CF5 group. Totally, 159 genes were down-regulated and 303 up-regulated in the CF5 cells compared with those in the U87 and G11 cells, while 281 were down-regulated and 116 up-regulated in the G11 cells compared with those in the CF5 and U87 cells. The CF5 and G11 cells manifested the highest enrichment in the extracellular matrix-associated pathways, which were shown to be closely associated with the invasiveness and drug-resistance of the tumor. Conclusion We successfully constructed human GBM U87-derived monoclonal cell lines CF5 and G11 with different morphological features, phenotypic profiles and genetic backgrounds, which has paved the ground for further studies of the heterogeneity of GBM.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the molecular cytogenetic abnormalities of multiple myeloma (MM) by using microrray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) technology and to investigate its value of application in MM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The whole-genoine copy number variants (CNV) of bone marrow samples acquired from 20 cases of newly diagnosed MM patients were detected by genome-wide hybridization and scanning by CytoScan 750K Array (Affymetrix). At the same time, the chromosome abnormalities of bone marrow cells were detected by karyotype analysis and FISH using 9 specific probes: D13S319, RB1, p53, 1q21, IgH, IgH/CCND1, IgH/FGFR3, IgH/MAF, IgH/MAFB.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 20 MM patients, the incidence of chromosome abnormalities detected by karyotype analysis, FISH and array-CGH were 15%, 65% and 90%, respectively. The types of CNV detected by array-CGH included the gain (106), loss (156) or UPD (23). There were many different CNVs in every chromosomes except chromosome 5, 9, 18, 21 and Y. Comparison of chromosome abnormalities detected by FISH and array-CGH showed that, the positive ratio of del (13q) was 35% and 40% respectively; the positive ratio of amp (1q) was 40% and 50% respectively; the positive ratio of del (17p) was both 15%. FISH detection showed 8 cases with IgH rearrangement, meansahile the array-CGH detection showed that 4 cases had amp (11q13) (CCND1 gene), 3 cases had amp (16q23) (MAF gene), 1 case had amp (4p16) (FGFR3 gene) and 2 cases had amp (20q12) (MAFB gene). Besides, many other new chromosome abnormalities were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>More than half of MM patients have cytogenetic changes, and most of them are complex chromosomal abnormalities. By using array-CGH, more chromosome abnormalities can be detected and more cytogenetic information can be provided for clinician.</p>
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Objective: To observe the lumen structural changes of radial artery (RA) in patients with transradial coronary intervention and the impact of nitroglycerin on the structure by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: A total of 20 patients with transradial coronary intervention were enrolled for OCT imaging to observe and compare the lumen structures of RA between the basic condition and nitroglycerin treated condition. Results: OCT imaging found that 15/20 patients had radial spasm and 1 had intimal tear. Compared to basic condition, with nitroglycerin treatment, the mean lumen diameter, lumen area and total vascular area were increased in the distal, middle and proximal portion of RA, all P<0.001; the intima-media thickness was decreased in the distal, middle and proximal portion of RA, all P<0.001; while the cross section area of tunica media, intimal thickness and extravascular membrane thickness were similar between the basic condition and nitroglycerin treated condition, all P>0.005. Conclusion: Vasodilatation drug may obviously enlarge RA lumen area and total vascular area in patients after transradial coronary intervention.
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Carboxylesterase 1 (CE1) is an important serine hydrolase in mammals, which involved in the hydrolysis of a variety of compounds (endogenous substrates like cholesterol and xenobiotic compounds like ester-contain drugs and pesticides). This study aimed to design and develop the fluorescent probe substrates for human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1), on the basis of the structural features of hCE1 preferred substrates. Four carboxylic esters deriving from BODIPY-8-carboxylic acid were designed and synthesized. After then, reaction phenotyping assays and chemical inhibition assays were used to evaluate the selectivity of these four ester derivatives towards hCE1. Our results clearly demonstrated that the substrate specificity of these ester substrates towards hCE1 would be improved with the decrease of the alcohol group on BODIPY-8-carboxylesters, while BODIPY-8-carboxylesters with small alcohol groups including methyl (BCM) and ethyl (BCE) esters could serve as the ideal probe substrates for hCE1. Given that BCM exhibit rapid hydrolytic rate in hCE1, we further investigate the enzymatic kinetics of this fluorescent probe substrate in both human liver microsomes (HLM) and recombinant hCE1, as well as to explore its potential application in high-throughput screening of hCE1 inhibitors by using HLM as enzyme source. The results showed that the kinetic behaviors and the affinity of BCM in HLM is much closed to those in recombinant hCE1, implying that hCE1 played the key roles in BCM hydrolysis in HLM. Furthermore, the inhibition study demonstrated that BCM could be used for rapid screening and characterization of hCE1 inhibitors, by using HLM to replace recombinant hCE1 as enzyme source.
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Objective To study the changes in red blood cells(RBCs),hemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(HCT),mean corpuscular volume(MCV),RBC distribution width variation coefficient(RDW-CV)and RBC distribution width standard deviation(RDW-SD)of leukocyte-poor red blood cells preserved in navy ship force on a long voyage.Methods According to the Requirement of Health Examination for Blood Donors(GB 18467 -2011),red blood cells in additive solution leukocytes reduced were randomly collected from ten healthy voluntary blood donors one day before sailing.Each blood sample was preserved.The relevant parameters were detected as data before sailing.Each blood sample was divided into two parts,one in test group and the other in control group.Samples were taken from the two groups of leukocyte-poor red blood cells for the sampling detection after 21 days of sailing respectively.Results ①After sailing, the concentrations of RBCs and Hb declined in both groups,and the difference of RBC concentrations was not significant(P=0.319),but that of the concentrations of Hb was significant(P=0.002).②After sailing, the concentrations of HCT and MCV increased, but the change of HCT was significant(P=0.015),while that of MCV was insignificant(P=0.051).③After sailing,the concentrations of RDW-SD and RDW-CV were higher,but the change of RDW-SD was significant(P<0.001),while that of RDW-CV was not(P=0.528).Conclusion When leukocyte-poor red blood cells are preserved in navy ship force,the concentrations of RBC and Hb decrease,while the concentrations of HCT,MCV,RDW-SD and RDW-CV increase with the prolongation of preservation.A long voyage has some impact on the parameters of red blood cells in additive solution leukocytes reduced,as is the case with the conventional blood storage refrigerator(4 ±2)℃.
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia provides nine pesticide Maximum Residual Limits(MRLs) of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), The number of pesticides used in production are far more than those listed in pharmacopoeia. The lack of the standards make it's hard to reflect the real situation of pesticide residues in TCMs correctly. The paper is aimed to analyze the data of pesticide residues in TCMs from 7 089 items in 140 reports, and judging the exceedance rate of pesticides in TCMs using the MRLs of European pharmacopoeia，which is widely accepted in many countries. The results show that：①Pesticide residues in 18 kinds of TCMs are higher than MRLs，while in 137 kinds are below MRLs, such as Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus. The average exceedance rate of all TCMs is 1.72%. The average exceedance rates of organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid are 2.26%, 1.51%, 0.37%，respectively. ②The average exceedance rate of pesticides is 2.00%, and the exceedance rate is more than 5%, accounting for 8.33%, the exceedance rate is between 1%-5%, accounting for 18.75%. the exceedance rate is between 0%-1%, accounting for 18.75%. The remaining 29 kinds of pesticides were not exceeded, accounting for 60.42%.Some reports like Greenpeace's organization exaggerated the pesticide residues in TCMs.But the pesticide residue question is still worthy of attention, so we proposed to amend the Chinese Pharmacopoeia pesticide residues standards, to increase the pesticide species of traditional Chinese medicine in production on the basis of retaining the existing types of pesticide residues, to strengthen the system research of pesticide residues in TCMs, providing a basis for making standard and promoting import and export trade in TCMs.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the mucosal healing in the terminal ileum, colon and small bowel in patients receiving infliximab treatment for small bowel Crohn's disease (SBCD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 18 patients with SBCD treated with infliximab were analyzed for laboratory findings (routine blood tests, C-reative protein, and albumin), Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), Lewis score (LS), Crohn's disease simplified endoscopic score (SES-CD) and adverse effects before and after 30 weeks of infliximab treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SES-CD, LS, CDAI and CRP were all decreased significantly, but the body mass index and albumin were significantly increased in the 18 patients after 30 weeks of IFX treatment. Sixteen (88.9%) of the patients were in clinical remission, 10 (58.8%) showed terminal ileum and colonic mucosal healing, 4 (22.2%) showed small bowel mucosal healing, and 3 (17.6%) were in deep remission. The 4 patients with small bowel mucosal healing all showed terminal ileum and colon mucosal healing, and 6 patients with terminal ileum and colon mucosal healing did not show small bowel mucosal healing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Infliximab treatment can effectively reduce inflammatory activity, induce and maintain clinical remission of SBCD and achieve mucosal healing; small bowel mucosal healing occurs later than terminal ileum and colonic mucosal healing, indicating the importance of small bowel mucosal healing in efficacy analysis of the treatment.</p>
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To study the effect of different penetration enhancers on the pharmacokinetic characters of six active components in Xiangfu Siwu transdermal patch (XBW) and optimize the best penetration enhancers. During the experiment, the patches containing different penetration enhancers were stuck on the rat's skin, and then the blood samples were acquired at different time points. Six active components in plasma were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS software package. The total factor scores (F) of the plasma concentrations of six components at every time point in different groups were calculated using principle component analysis, and the areas under F versus time curves (AUCF-t) were employed to be the indexes for selecting penetration enhancers. The results demonstrated that compared with the control group, the AUCF-t from other groups increased prominently and furthermore, 5% menthol manifested the best effect. In this research, 5% menthol could remarkably promote the percutaneous penetration effect of the six active compounds in XBW, and it could provide a scientific basis for the preparation research of XBW.
ABSTRACT
The evolution of the quality control concepts of medical products within the global context and the development of the quality control technology of Chinese medicine are briefly described. Aimed at the bottlenecks in the regulation and quality control of Chinese medicine, using Big Data technology to address the significant challenges in Chinese medicine industry is proposed. For quality standard refinements and internationalization of Chinese medicine, a technological innovation strategy encompassing its methodology, and the R&D direction of the subsequent core technology are also presented.